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On the Roots of Church Slavonic Literature in the Slavonic Monastery in Prague
Čermák, Václav
The article deals with the issue of Czech-Croatian cultural history and literary contacts which intensified after the foundation of the Slavonic Monastery in Prague in the mid-14th century. Greatest attention is paid to written sources for Church Slavonic and Czech Glagolitic literature that originated in the 2nd half of the 14th century and early 15th century which were used in this monastery. At first, the author presents the development specifications of Church Slavonic literature in Croatia and points out the historic circumstances which in the northern areas of the Croatian coast enabled the development of Church Slavonic written in the Glagolitic script for Roman liturgy. Attention is also paid to the development of respect for Bohemian saints in Latin and Croatian Glagolitic liturgical sources which in most cases gives evidence of their cult's existence in Croatia prior to the 14th century. The author of the study briefly reminds readers about the individual liturgical booklets of Croatian Glagolitic origin which were used for Slavonic liturgy not only in Croatia but also in the Slavonic Monastery in Prague.
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The song of saint Adalbert. The tradition of the song Hospodine pomiluj ny (Lord, have mercy on us), Saint Adalbert legend and the Slavonic monastery in Prague
Slavický, Tomáš
The article deals with the reception of the oldest Czech song Hospodine pomiluj ny, which circulated as the song of Saint Adalbert. The most recent dating of the text between the 10th and 11th century solved the disputes about the age of the song and supported the earlier allegation that both the text and the melody were derived from the church slavonic version of litanies which had been used abundantly in west Europe from the 1st milleny as the standard form of the people's worship. The gathered documentation speaks about the tausend-year tradition which was accompanied by the development and varieties and which later underwent several historicizing redactions (in the 17th, 19th and 20th centuries). Continuity of the recitation cadence of the old layers of western choral music appears in the individual versions of melody and is analogous with the melodies of the traditional glagolitic chant in Croatia.
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Heavenly Calm. The Role of Saintly Intervention in the Old Czech Chivalric Poetry
Jaluška, Matouš
The essay inspired by the Spatial and Religious Turns in contemporary humanities explores the role of space and safety in two Old Czech heroic romances adapted from Middle High German sources, Tristram a Izalda and Vévoda Arnošt. The Tristram story starts with a report about King Mark’s mili-tary campaign against the Slavs. It was during this conflict that Tristram’s parents got to know each other, the hero himself is, therefore, a product of an aggression against the listeners’ or readers’ homeland. The inevitable tragic end of the story looses a part of its grimness, because the public is aware of the connection between Tristram and the war. With Tristram’s death, the danger evapo-rated and the peace seemed to be restored. The benign closure is further secured by a new mo-nastery dedicated to the Virgin Mary, where the graves of Tristram and Izalda lie and where the former king Mark starts a new monastic career. Arnošt began his quest as a successful young nobleman whose widowed mother became a spouse of the Emperor. The jealousy of the Em-peror’s blood kin eventually drove Arnošt to vengeful murder after which he had to leave the country. After many adventures he finally arrived in the Holy Land, where he and his retinue of kobolds, giants and other humanoid creatures decisively defeated the King of Babylon and restored Christian dominance in the area. The story of Arnošt is inserted between two miracle-producing graves of mighty women, Empress Diana and Saint Ryngata, but the presence of a saint in this case did not facilitate the entombment of a difficult situation. Rather, it reminds the Christian reader about the ever available power of prayer and subsequent saintly intervention into this world. From this angle, Arnošt emerged as an especially powerful praying subject thanks to his unshakable de-meanor. Such slight adjustments of the Czech stories in comparison with their German counterpart lead to a palpable ΄sermonisation΄ of the material and can help us better assess the role played by the corpus of Old Czech chivalric poetry, in the milieu of the ΄Waning of the Middle Ages΄and gene-ral unrest of the 15th century.
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The Language of Old Czech Manuscripts of The Coronation Order of Charles IV
Jamborová, Martina
The Coronation Order of Charles IV was first issued in Latin (Ordo ad coronandum regem Bohemorum) and translated into Old Czech after the mid-14th century. Only copies of both the Latin and Old Czech wordings have survived. The earliest remaining Old Czech manuscript of The Coronation Order of Charles IV dates from 1396. It is apt to view the text of The Coronation Order of Charles IV as a written fixation of the intended ideal form of the coronation ceremony. In fact, it is a mass liturgy text. Despite many translation pitfalls, the Old Czech translation of the coronation order is welll done. The individual variant manuscripts give evidence of the historical development of the Czech language, show respect towards the original, and singularly bring interesting individual adjustments to the wording. The language of the Old Czech translation of the coronation order undoubtedly enriched medieval Czech.
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The Emancipation of Czech as a Cultural Language during the Rule of Charles IV
Nejedlý, Petr
Under the rule of Charles IV, the Czech language system underwent a series of changes which instrumentally broadened it, enriched its function, and deepened its structure. Part of it was a reflection of the internal language development and part was caused by external circumstances of a cultural and historical nature. Impulses which emerged from the cultural, political, and social situation introduced by the style, goals, and results of Charles’ rule were pivotal for the entire language, its functions, and the means of expression.
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The Emmaus Cycle and Liturgy
Kubínová, Kateřina
The article tries about a new scope on the medieval mural paintings in the cloister of Emmaus monastery. The clue was found in connections of iconography of paintings and daily liturgy. Some paintings probably reflected the liturgical events in monastery.
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Carmelites and Slavonic Benedictines in the New Town of Prague
Benešovská, Klára
Both the monasteries founded by Charles IV were secured by the papal documents two years before the New Town of Prague was officially founded. The selection of these two orders and their location in future town development corresponds with their role in Charles’ vision of the new centre of the Holy Roman Empire and the Kingdom of Bohemia. Unlike earlier views, the author does not regard the two monasteries as an expression of young Charles’ efforts to penetrate the countries of schismatics with the help of the two orders.
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